How a submarine works
1.Diving and Surfacing (Ballast System) Submarines control their depth using ballast tanks. To dive: The tanks fill with water, making the submarine heavier, so it sinks. To rise (surface): The tanks are filled with compressed air, pushing the water out, making the submarine lighter, so it floats up. Principle used: Buoyancy (Archimedes’ Principle) 2. Moving Forward (Propulsion System) Submarines use propellers powered by engines. Diesel-electric submarines: Use diesel engines on the surface and electric batteries underwater. Nuclear submarines: Use nuclear reactors to produce heat → steam → electricity → movement. This allows them to travel very fast and for months without refueling. 3. Steering and Control (Fins & Rudders) Submarines use: Rudders – turn left or right Hydroplanes (fins) – move up or down underwater These help in precise underwater navigation. 4. Breathing Underwater (Air System) Submarines don’t take in outside air when underwater. They: Recycle oxygen Remove...